Obesity, A Big Problem

By Dr. Christina Britto

Some people might think an overweight pooch is cute and others might not even be aware of a dog’s excess weight. Either way, it is a condition that is debilitating.

HEAVY CONSEQUENCES
Obesity is the most common nutritional problem in dogs, and over 50 percent of dogs over the age of five are overweight. A dog is considered overweight if they are 10 percent above their ideal weight and obese if they are 20 percent above their ideal weight.

Obesity puts an overall strain on the body’s structures and systems. Its effect on the musculoskeletal system can lead to early arthritis and expensive knee injuries, such as a ruptured cranial cruciate ligament. Obese dogs are more susceptible to heart disease, diabetes mellitus, urinary incontinence and difficulty giving birth to puppies.

The added weight can lead to respiratory compromise, with diseases like laryngeal paralysis in large breeds and collapsing trachea in small breeds. Overweight dogs have more difficulty undergoing surgical procedures, longer recovery times, and are not likely to live as long as their leaner counterparts.

WEIGHTY ISSUES
Just like humans, dogs gain weight from overeating and a lack of exercise. This occurs when a dog consumes more calories in the form of food, treats and table scraps than their actual daily energy requirement. Dogs that are older, have been injured, and live in confined spaces are more at risk.

Genetics may play a role because breeds more likely to become overweight are Labs, mini Schnauzers, Dachshunds, Shelties, Cocker Spaniels, Beagles, Bassets and Cairn Terriers.

Obese dogs are more likely to be female and have been spayed or neutered. When a dog is altered, the hormonal changes and decrease in their metabolic rate can lead to weight gain; however, the benefits of altering your dog outweigh the risks. Underlying metabolic diseases (like hypothyroidism) and certain drugs (like steroids and anti-convulsants) can also lead to weight gain.

FOCUS ON PREVENTION
Burning off extra pounds is a serious challenge for any guardian, so awareness and prevention is key. Be conscious and strict with everything that goes into a dog’s bowl, no matter how much they beg or give you “sad eyes.”

Ensure your dog is receiving an appropriate serving of food and be conscious of the fat content. Fat content in foods can range from 2 to 20 percent, and canned food is almost always lower in fat content. Cut back on table scraps and unhealthy highly processed treats. Bonding through rewards can be done with healthy treats, like green beans, unbuttered popcorn, apple slices, and other dog-friendly fruits and vegetables.

Along with diet, exercise is the most important tool for weight gain prevention. Any dog will be thrilled for longer walks, hikes and more frequent visits to the dog park. For older dogs, swimming is a low-impact option. Your veterinarian can recommend an exercise regime that is appropriate for the general health of your dog.

BATTLING THE BULGE
For those dogs diagnosed as obese, your veterinarian is a source of information and guidance. Your vet will implement a weight loss program, which includes a diet plan, exercise regimen and scheduled blood work that is catered to your pet.

Your vet will decide if your dog’s current diet can be restricted or if a prescription diet would be more appropriate. There are many tasty prescription weight loss diets and treats available. They restrict calories but not nutrients and have proven to be effective.

For those who fail traditional therapy, Pfizer recently introduced the first canine weight loss drug for dogs called Slentrol (dirlotapide). Slentrol works by blocking intestinal absorption of fat and suppressing appetite. Side effects can be vomiting or diarrhea, with long-term effects on the liver. The drug comes in liquid form and is prescribed by a veterinarian as a complement to a weight loss program.

With or without Slentrol, frequent visits to your veterinarian are encouraged to record progress and make alterations to the plan.

FINAL WEIGH-IN
Although obesity is more prevalent in America than ever amongst our canine companions and can lead to life threatening conditions, it is preventable by committed guardians and lifestyle changes. The first step is awareness and a consultation with your veterinarian to help you see where your dog stands. Through meticulous monitoring of food intake and regular exercise, obesity can be avoided, giving your dog the healthy, long life he deserves.

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Dr. Christina Britto practices at the Brentwood Pet Clinic in West Los Angeles and has an interest in surgery and pediatrics. She shares her home with a mini Poodle named Sophie.